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FMCSA Part 391

Part 391 — Driver Qualification Files & Hiring Requirements

Part 391 is the driver qualification rulebook. It explains who is qualified to drive a commercial motor vehicle, what motor carriers must verify before dispatching a driver, what documents belong in the driver qualification file, and when a driver may be disqualified from operating.

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Part 391 Dictionary

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What is Part 391?

The rule section covering driver qualification standards and DQ file requirements.

Who It Applies To

Explains which drivers and carriers must follow driver qualification requirements.

Basic Qualifications

Minimum driver standards covering age, English ability, medical status, license, and road test.

DQ File Documents

The core documents that prove a driver was properly qualified before dispatch.

Driver Application

The driver application is a compliance document, not just a basic hiring form.

MVR & Annual Review

MVR checks confirm license status, restrictions, endorsements, and ongoing qualification.

Medical Certification

Medical qualification must be verified and tracked before a driver is dispatched.

Road Test

The carrier must verify and document that the driver can safely operate assigned equipment.

Disqualification

A carrier must not dispatch a driver who is disqualified or not verified.

Carrier Checklist

A practical checklist before adding a driver under your authority.

Real-World Risk

How weak DQ files create audit, insurance, roadside, and hiring-risk problems.

Need help building clean driver qualification files?

DispatchHQ helps small carriers organize driver onboarding, DQ files, safety documentation, compliance reminders, carrier packets, and back-office workflows so nothing important gets missed.

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Source reference: Official eCFR — 49 CFR Part 391 . This page is a plain-English educational guide and is not legal advice.